| Abstract |
For most of southern Africa, the growing season coincides with the summer rainfall period, starting in October and ending in April the next year. The highest rainfall months are generally from January to April, coinciding with increased biomass and greenness.
The most common method of measuring vegetation cover and the density of plant growth is called the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which reflects greenness. Another indicator is the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), which is an advanced vegetation indicator that corrects some of the distortions caused by suspended particles in the atmosphere, performing in particular better for high forested and biomass areas. This is well represented by the subtle differences in the percentage deviation of the 2025 NDVI and EVI from the historic average (2018 to 2024), as shown in the two maps of page 1, in the higher biomass areas of Angola, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
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