| Abstract |
Much of southern Africa relies on rainfed agriculture. In 2005, FAOSTAT estimated that
95 % of all farmland in sub-Saharan Africa is rainfed (Wani et al 2009). The average annual
rainfall consequently greatly influences and dictates the areas suitable for specific
rainfed agriculture.
In this line, maize is a staple annual crop for most southern Africa and requires an average
annual rainfall of between 500 to 800 mm (FAO 1986), depending on the specific
climate of the farmland. Whilst maize is, amongst others, grown under rainfed agriculture
in the north-eastern parts of Namibia, south-eastern parts of Angola, southern
parts of Zambia and western part of Zimbabwe, for primarily subsistence farming, the
maps on the first page, derived by CHIRPS 2.0 precipitation data (Funk et al 2025), suggest
that the rainfall in the past two years has not been sufficient for this.
Cattle farming is of cultural and economic significance to many cultures of southern
Africa and relies on rainfed grazing. The 300 mm rainfall isohyet separates the minimum
suitability of land for cattle farming, with lower rainfall deemed more appropriate for
sheep farming (Coetzee & Werger 1975). While the maps suggest that in 2020/21 and
2021/22, the potential area suitable for cattle farming increased in parts of Namibia,
Botswana and South Africa, the maps show that there was a drastic increase in the suitable
area in the past two rainfall years. In 2022/23, almost none of Namibia’s land area
received the suitable rainfall, while in 2023/24, most of Namibia and Botswana didn’t
receive the suitable rainfall. |
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