| Abstract |
El Niño and La Niña are natural opposing phenomena of the warm and cool phases of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Their effects on winds and sea surface temperatures disrupt global weather patterns, affecting everything from rainfall to global temperatures (NOAA 2024).
Figure 1: El Niño and La Niña periods are defined using the Relative Oceanic Niño Index (RONI) and categorized, according thresholds, into Weak, Moderate, Strong or Very Strong events.
A “super” El Niño is developing as we report on this, El Niño conditions are already developing and being fueled by unusually warm sea surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific Ocean.
El Niño and La Niña periods are defined using the Relative Oceanic Niño Index (RONI) and categorized, according to thresholds, into Weak, Moderate, Strong or Very Strong events (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/Climate Prediction Center (NCEP/CPC) 2026). ENSO Neutral conditions imply that neither the El Niño nor the La Niña phenomenon were present. |
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