| Abstract |
The hydrologic model system J2000 offers a physical-based modeling of the water balance of big catchment areas. In addition to the simulation of hydrologic processes, which influence the runoff and its concentration in the upper meso- and macro scale, the modeling system contains routines that help to regionalize the punctual available climate values and precipitation values quite safely. Furthermore, the calculation of the real evaporation, with which the calculation is carried out area-differentiated in consideration of the evaporation patterns of different land use classes, is integrated into the model. Since the model shall be suitable for the modeling of big catchment areas of more than 1000 km², it is ensured that the modeling can be carried out by means of the available base data on the national scale. The simulation of the different hydrologic processes is carried out in program modules that are completed and as far as possible independent of each other. This offers to edit, substitute or add individual modules without the necessity to structure the entire model anew. The modeled total runoff is built up on the sum of the individual runoff components that are separately calculated during the modeling. The modeling system differentiates between four runoff components according to their specific origin. The component with the highest temporal dynamics is the fast direct runoff (RD1). It consists of the runoff of sealed areas, of snow water, which drains within snow layers, and of surface runoff when saturation areas develop. The slow direct runoff component (RD2), which can be regarded as similar to the lateral hypodermic runoff within the soil zone, reacts insignificantly slower. Two further basis runoff components can be distinguished. On the one hand, there is the fast basis runoff component (RG1) which simulates the runoff from surface-near well permeable weathering zones. On the other hand, there is a slow basis runoff component (RG2) which results as runoff from joint aquifer or homogeneous loose rock aquifer. The allocation of the precipitation water to the individual runoff components is carried out in the model on the basis of area parameters which can be derived from the applied base data. In addition to the relief shape, specific soil parameters, like the hydraulic conductivity of individual soil horizons, have an important influence. The calculation of the runoff components’ different concentration times is carried out in consideration of the hydraulic characteristics of the storages in which the individual components drain. Additionally, variable influences like the preceding soil moisture of the area are considered while modeling. |
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