| Abstract |
For most of southern Africa, the October to December quarter of 2025 is the first quarter of the rainfall year, with the exception of the winter rainfall areas. It generally spells the onset of the rainfall season, with much greater downpours only expected as from January in most of southern Africa. But it does bring the first relief from the cold and dry winter months.
The Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) and percentage of average maps of the October-November-December (OND) 2025, as derived from CHC CHIRPS 3.0 satellite-based precipitation data, suggest that large parts of southern Africa experienced normal to above normal rainfall. In particular Namibia, Botswana and north-central South Africa received large areas of above normal rainfall, or as per the SPI, were extremely wet.
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